Sabtu, 04 September 2010

Krishna Valley Teaches Sustainable Living To Thousands

By Madhava Smullen for ISKCON News on 14 Aug 2010

This July 23rd, 24th and 25th saw the fifteenth annual Krishna Valley Fair held at ISKCON Hungary’s 660-acre sustainable farm.

Five thousand people visited New Vraja Dhama—also known as Krishna Valley—over the long weekend, which is advertised as an Indian festival.

People flooded in at 10:00am and stayed until 7pm to shop at the stalls, eat prasadam food, and watch the stage show featuring martial arts exhibitions, yoga presentations, an Indian wedding, spiritual music and dance, short speeches, and a children’s play.

Especially popular was the Hare Krishna Reality Show, which attracted long lines and saw 500 people participate over the duration of the Fair. “Contestants” entering the four-section, 1,000 square foot tent had no idea what to expect—only that as with most reality shows, they were about to experience how others live.

Entering the first room, the men were given dhotis and the women saris, and all were dressed in the traditional robes and adorned with sacred tilak clay. In the second room, devotees gave them japa beads and taught them how to chant the Hare Krishna mantra, and they chanted one round together.

In the third room, they learned how to make and fry their own puris—traditional Indian bread-like snacks. Warned that the puris were not eatable, they kept them on paper plates and walked to the fourth room, where they offered them at an altar of Lord Krishna. As they waited for the offering, they filled out a questionnaire, leaving their contact details with Krishna Valley devotees. They then received and ate the puris that they had fried and offered themselves.

Visitors were also given a demonstration of the simple lifestyle from a past age that the devotees live. They learned how to work oxen, how to cut grass with oxen-driven equipment, and how to plow. They took guided tours of the goshala (cow barn), organic garden, and the temple, where they saw Radha-Shyamasundara and purchased Prabhupada’s books in the thousands on their way out.

Established in 1993 by ISKCON guru and GBC Sivarama Swami, Krishna Valley is a sustainable farm community of the kind that ISKCON founder Srila Prabhupada encouraged devotees to establish all over the world.

The 150 devotees that reside on the property produce all their own food—the only things that they have to buy are rice, sugar, salt, and some Indian spices.

They plant more than sixty different varieties of vegetables manually, using natural methods such as coupling. “Just as with human beings, some plants naturally like others,” explains Radha Krishna Dasa, who moved to Krishna Valley five years ago with his wife and mother. “For instance, we plant marigolds between cucumbers, and basil between tomatoes. This attracts the useful flies that pollenate the vegetables, and creates a larger crop.”

The community also has more than 600 fruit and nut trees which yield apples, peaches, pears, plums, walnuts, and much more. Its 2,000 square foot storage cellar, built three years ago, keeps vegetables and fruit throughout the winter so that devotees never have to get produce from outside sources.

Although they eat ten times more than the average Hungarian, they have ten times more grain than they need, and more than enough honey. All the grain required by the community is produced with an oxen-drawn cart—only excess grain, from which the devotees make and sell cereals, is produced with the use of a tractor.

And since Krishna Valley is an eco-farm, all this is planted without the use of any pesticides, chemicals, or artificial fertilizers. “Instead we use compost, cow dung, and different kinds of home-made liquids that nourish the soil,” says Radha Krishna Dasa. “For instance, we soak stinging nettle in rainwater, using our rainwater harvesting system, and pump it through the drip irrigation system, so it nourishes the plants and keeps away bugs and insects.”

As well as its 600 fruit trees, the community also keep over 400 different indigenous Hungarian fruit-tree types, as part of a gene bank that keeps indigenous species alive. There is also plenty of forest on the farm—during the seventeen years of Krishna Valley’s existence, devotees have planted a quarter of a million trees.

As well as the grain it sells, the community also makes income from the 30,000 paying tourists that visit every year and eat at its Govinda’s restaurant (which does use produce from outside sources).

“Last year we launched our own line of Govinda’s organic drinks, which have proven quite popular,” says Radha Krishna. “They come in three flavors: William
Pear, Peach, and Vitamix (pumpkin and carrot), and have 100% fruit content with all-organic ingredients including an organic sugarcane sweetener.”

Krishna Valley also has its own zero-energy, zero-chemical reed-bed waste treatment system, and each family has its own water well. Meanwhile, a pipeline is under construction that is expected to provide devotees with their own drinking water from a 1,300 foot-deep mineral water well within the next year. Since it is owns all this outright, the community will not have to pay anything for either its water or sewage system.

As the only Eco Village in Hungary that shows actual long-term results in social, economic, and environmental sustainability, one of Krishna Valley’s main goals is to help others develop their farms and agriculture. This autumn, community members will hold a workshop for two fledgeling Hungarian farms, and are developing training courses for other such efforts.

Three years ago, devotees also started the Eco Valley Foundation as a means to reach people all over the world—especially those at high levels of society—with their message.

“Last year, I gave eighty presentations around the world, five of which were at a United Nations NGO meeting attended by thousands of people during the Cop15 Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen,” says Radha Krishna. “I spoke on self-sufficiency, self-sufficient farm communities, economic sustainability, and about how to start a sustainable farm.”

Such presentations have attracted interest from very high profile people. One of the top three scientists sent to Copenhagen as representatives of Hungary, Professor Dida, told Radha Krishna: “Whenever you have anything that I can participate in, please let me know.” Other university professors, botanists, and ecologists, have become part of the Eco Valley Foundation.

Last year, Krishna Valley held a scientific conference with 2,450 attendees including university students, professors, top scientists, politicians and businessmen. This year, they will hold three conferences, one of them an international one on sustainability. They are working with the Hungarian Science Academy on soil research and other research programs, and hold regular sustainability open days for interested members of the public.

They also work in cooperation with many universities—these currently include one in India, one in Dubai, and eight in Hungary. “The universities organize, advertise, and provide the venues for us to present ecologic workshops, and we just go there,” says Radha Krishna. “Some universities also send their students to come to our farm for several semesters of their BSc studies.”

Radha Krishna explains the importance of spiritual, self-sufficient farm communities like Krishna Valley: “There are many economic, environmental and social problems in today’s world,” he says. “And to quote Albert Einstein, ‘The significant problems we have cannot be solved at the same level of thinking with which we created them.’ So we need to change our approach, and we need a fixed base on which to do so, guided by Srila Prabhupada through his teachings and representatives such as Sivarama Swami.”

Radha Krishna suggests that other ISKCON projects aiming for this goal take things step by step, and take advice from ISKCON farm communities that already have results.

“We are always happy to share our experience, and the problems we have gone through, to help others on the road to success,” he says.

http://www.opencreative.hu/panorama/virtualis-tura/kris...


Kamis, 02 September 2010

A Battle In Mining Country Pits Coal Against Wind

Click here to read the full article from the "Beyond Fossil Fuels" series in the New York Times

ROCK CREEK, W.Va.

LORELEI SCARBRO’S husband, Kenneth, an underground coal miner for more than 30 years, is buried in a small family cemetery near her property here at the base of Coal River Mountain. The headstone is engraved with two roosters facing off, their feathers ruffled. Kenneth, who loved cockfighting, died in 1999, and, Ms. Scarbro says, he would have hated seeing the tops of mountains lopped off with explosives and heavy machinery by mining companies searching for coal.

Critics say the practice, known as “mountaintop removal mining,” is as devastating to the local environment as it is economically efficient for coal companies, one of which is poised to begin carving up Coal River Mountain. And that has Ms. Scarbro and other residents of western Raleigh County in a face-off of their own.

Their goal is to save the mountain, and they intend to do so with a wind farm. At least one study has shown that a wind project could be a feasible alternative to coal mining here, although the coal industry’s control over the land and the uncertain and often tenuous financial prospects of wind generation appear to make it unlikely to be pursued. That, residents say, would be a mistake.

“If we don’t stop this,” Ms. Scarbro says, adjusting the flowers on her husband’s grave, “one day we’ll be standing on a big pile of rock and debris, and we’ll be asking, ‘What do we do now?’ ”

For many renewable-energy advocates outside the region, the struggle at Coal River Mountain has become emblematic of an effort across the country to find alternatives to fossil fuels. They have lent money, expertise and high-profile celebrities like Daryl Hannah and James Hansen, the NASA climate scientist, to help residents advance their case for wind power and to make it a test case for others pursuing similar projects nationwide.

The mountain, which is privately owned and leased to coal interests, is also one of the last intact mountaintops in a region whose contours have otherwise been irreversibly altered by extreme surface-mining techniques. Preserving its peaks for a wind farm, plan advocates say, could provide needed job diversification for impoverished towns that otherwise live or die by the fortunes of coal.

Don L. Blankenship, the chief executive of Massey Energy, the largest coal company in West Virginia and the one planning to cut into Coal River Mountain’s peaks, has repeatedly called assertions of long- and short-term environmental damage exaggerated.

“There are a lot of misstatements out there,” Mr. Blankenship says. “I don’t find the environmental damage to be nearly what people say they find it to be, and we’re struggling with whether the true objective of all these regulations is to protect the environment, or whether it’s simply to stop the mining of coal.”

While the odds remain slim that wind power will replace coal mining here, proponents say that changes in state and federal mining regulations could tilt things in their favor.

“We want to make it economically unfeasible to do mountaintop mining,” Ms. Scarbro says.

Senin, 30 Agustus 2010

Move To Curb Factory Farms Gains Momentum


WEST MANSFIELD, Ohio — Concessions by farmers in this state to sharply restrict the close confinement of hens, hogs and veal calves are the latest sign that so-called factory farming — a staple of modern agriculture that is seen by critics as inhumane and a threat to the environment and health — is on the verge of significant change.
Kirk Irwin for The New York Times

Tim Weaver in a chicken-packed aisle of Heartland Quality Egg Farm, which he owns, in West Mansfield, Ohio.

Kirk Irwin for The New York Times

Mr. Weaver insists that the chickens on his farm are content and less prone to disease than those in barnyard flocks.

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A recent agreement between farmers and animal rights activists here is a rare compromise in the bitter and growing debate over large-scale, intensive methods of producing eggs and meat, and may well push farmers in other states to give ground, experts say. The rising consumer preference for more “natural” and local products and concerns about pollution and antibiotic use in giant livestock operations are also driving change.

The surprise truce in Ohio follows stronger limits imposed by California voters in 2008; there, extreme caging methods will be banned altogether by 2015. In another sign of the growing clout of the animal welfare movement, a law passed in California this year will also ban imports from other states of eggs produced in crowded cages. Similar limits were approved last year in Michigan and less sweeping restrictions have been adopted in Florida, Arizona and other states.

Hoping to avoid a divisive November referendum that some farmers feared they would lose, Gov. Ted Strickland of Ohio urged farm leaders to negotiate with opponents, led by the Humane Society of the United States. After secret negotiations, the sides agreed to bar new construction of egg farms that pack birds in cages, and to phase out the tight caging of pregnant sows within 15 years and of veal calves by 2017.

Farmers in Ohio have accepted the agreement with chagrin, saying they sense that they must bend with the political and cultural winds. Tim Weaver, whose grandparents started selling eggs in the early 20th century, is proud of his state-of-the art facilities, where four million birds produce more than three million eggs a day. In just one typical barn here at his Heartland Quality Egg Farm, 268,000 small white hens live in cages about the size of an open newspaper, six or seven to a cage.

Mr. Weaver said that after his initial shock at the agreement, he has accepted it as necessary. He will not be immediately affected since it allows existing egg farms to continue but bars new ones with similar cages. He defends his methods, saying, “My own belief is that I’m doing the right thing.”

Egg production is at the center of the debate because more than 90 percent of the country’s eggs are now produced in the stacked rows of cages that critics call inhumane.

Ohio is the country’s second-largest egg producer, after Iowa. In the modern version of an egg barn, hordes of hens live with computer-controlled air circulation, lighting and feeding, their droppings whisked away by conveyor belt for recycling as fertilizer. As the hens jostle one other, their eggs roll onto a belt to be washed, graded and packed without ever being touched by human hands.

Mr. Weaver insists that his chickens are content and less prone to disease than those in barnyard flocks, saying, “If our chickens aren’t healthy and happy, they won’t be as productive.”

Keeping chickens in cages is cruel and unnecessary, counter advocates like Wayne Pacelle, chief executive of the Humane Society of the United States, which has played a central role in the state-by-state battles. “Animals that are built to move should be allowed to move,” he said in an interview, and for chickens that means space for dust-bathing, perching and nesting.

The assertion that animals must be “happy” to be productive is not accurate, Mr. Pacelle added, pointing to abnormal behaviors like head waving or bar-biting and to a loss of bone density in confined animals.

In the mid-20th century, developments in animal nutrition and farm technologies as well as economic competition spurred the emergence of large-scale farms, often driving out small farmers who could not afford the large capital investments or survive the lower prices.

Now, the United Egg Producers, a national trade group, says that egg prices would rise by 25 percent if all eggs were produced by uncaged hens, putting stress on consumers and school lunch programs. Animal proponents say that better noncage methods could be developed and that price is not the ultimate issue anyway.

The American Veal Association, under pressure from consumers, agreed in 2007 to phase out the close confinement of calves by 2017. The requirement in the California law and the Ohio agreement to phase out the use of “gestation crates” on hog farms will have much wider effects.

The family of Irv Bell, 64, has been growing hogs in Zanesville, Ohio, since the 19th century. Where males and females were once put into a pen to mate, sows are now inseminated artificially and most are kept through their pregnancy in a 2-by-7-foot crate, in which they can lie down but not turn.

“I work with the hogs every day, and I don’t think there is anything wrong with gestation crates,” he said. “But I have to be aware of things on the horizon, the bigger things at work.”

Formally, the new Ohio agreement only makes recommendations to a state livestock standards board, and getting opponents to recognize the authority of that board was an important achievement, said Keith Stimpert, a senior vice president of the Ohio Farm Bureau Federation. “We all know change is coming,” Mr. Stimpert said, adding that farmers would also respond to demands by consumers and restaurants for free-range products.

“But is this how we’re going to deal with these issues, on a state-by-state basis?” he asked. That timetables and rules differ among states is going to cause economic harm, he said.

The Humane Society of the United States, for its part, is already picking new targets. The advocates have the most leverage, Mr. Pacelle said, in the states that permit referendums. He said that the issues were likely to be pressed in Washington and Oregon. Winning concessions may be harder, he acknowledged, in states without referendums, including Iowa and the South.

Meanwhile, a new dispute over chicken cages is already brewing in California. The breakthrough 2008 law said that animals could be confined only in ways that allowed them “to lie down, stand up, fully extend their limbs and turn around freely.” Egg producers and even some animal advocates say this may permit housing hens in larger “enriched cages,” with perches and nesting spots.

Mr. Pacelle asserts that no form of caging can meet a chicken’s needs for “running, flying and wing flapping” and that denying these impulses can cause a rise in stress hormones.

“There’s going to be a legal wrangle over this,” Mr. Pacelle predicted.

Sabtu, 28 Agustus 2010

Portugal Gives Itself A Clean-Energy Makeover

Click here to read the full article from the New York Times

Still, aggressive national policies to accelerate renewable energy use are succeeding in Portugal and some other countries, according to a recent report by IHS Emerging Energy Research of Cambridge, Mass., a leading energy consulting firm. By 2025, the report projected, Ireland, Denmark and Britain will also get 40 percent or more of their electricity from renewable sources; if power from large-scale hydroelectric dams, an older type of renewable energy, is included, countries like Canada and Brazil join the list.

The United States, which last year generated less than 5 percent of its power from newer forms of renewable energy, will lag behind at 16 percent (or just over 20 percent, including hydroelectric power), according to IHS.

To force Portugal’s energy transition, Mr. Sócrates’s government restructured and privatized former state energy utilities to create a grid better suited to renewable power sources. To lure private companies into Portugal’s new market, the government gave them contracts locking in a stable price for 15 years — a subsidy that varied by technology and was initially high but decreased with each new contract round.

Compared with the United States, European countries have powerful incentives to pursue renewable energy. Many, like Portugal, have little fossil fuel of their own, and the European Union’s emissions trading system discourages fossil fuel use by requiring industry to essentially pay for excessive carbon dioxide emissions.

Portugal was well poised to be a guinea pig because it has large untapped resources of wind and river power, the two most cost-effective renewable sources. Government officials say the energy transformation required no increase in taxes or public debt, precisely because the new sources of electricity, which require no fuel and produce no emissions, replaced electricity previously produced by buying and burning imported natural gas, coal and oil. By 2014 the renewable energy program will allow Portugal to fully close at least two conventional power plants and reduce the operation of others.

“So far the program has placed no stress on the national budget” and has not created government debt, said Shinji Fujino, head of the International Energy Agency’s country study division.

Kamis, 26 Agustus 2010

India Asks: Should Food Be A Right For The Poor?

Click here to read the full article from the New York Times

JHABUA, India — Inside the drab district hospital, where dogs patter down the corridors, sniffing for food, Ratan Bhuria’s children are curled together in the malnutrition ward, hovering at the edge of starvation. His daughter, Nani, is 4 and weighs 20 pounds. His son, Jogdiya, is 2 and weighs only eight.

Jogdiya, 2, lay with an intravenous drip in the Jhabua District Government Hospital as his father, Ratan Bhuria, looked after him and his 4-year-old sister. More Photos »

Landless and illiterate, drowned by debt, Mr. Bhuria and his ailing children have staggered into the hospital ward after falling through India’s social safety net. They should receive subsidized government food and cooking fuel. They do not. The older children should be enrolled in school and receiving a free daily lunch. They are not. And they are hardly alone: India’s eight poorest states have more people in poverty — an estimated 421 million — than Africa’s 26 poorest nations, one study recently reported.

For the governing Indian National Congress Party, which has staked its political fortunes on appealing to the poor, this persistent inability to make government work for people like Mr. Bhuria has set off an ideological debate over a question that once would have been unthinkable in India: Should the country begin to unshackle the poor from the inefficient, decades-old government food distribution system and try something radical, like simply giving out food coupons, or cash?